Tort Law versus Criminal Law

Apart from legislation granting a right to sue for a specific harm, personal injury law generally consists of tort law and the civil procedure for enforcing it. This article discusses some of the distinctions between tort law and criminal law.

Alternative Causes of an Injury

Ordinarily, a plaintiff in a personal injury action has the burden of proving that a defendant's negligence caused his or her injury. However, when a plaintiff proves that two defendants have committed negligent acts, and it is impossible to determine which act caused the plaintiff's injury, the burden of proof shifts to the defendants. Each defendant has the burden of proving that his or her negligent act did not cause the plaintiff's injury.

Rules Regarding Road Signs and Markings

A state transportation department has the duty to place and maintain appropriate signs, signals, and other traffic control devices on highways that are under its jurisdiction. The state transportation department also has the duty to place and maintain signs, signals, and other traffic control devices that are in accordance with the state's vehicle or transportation code.

The Duty of Children

Generally, the law requires a person to exercise the degree of care that a reasonably prudent person would exercise under the same circumstances. This is called "the duty of reasonable care." A person who breaches his duty of reasonable care is guilty of negligence.

State Laws Regarding Recreational Boating Accidents

State laws govern lawsuits regarding recreational boating accidents only if federal laws and the general maritime law do not apply. Federal laws and the general maritime law may apply to a lawsuit even if the lawsuit is filed in a state court. However, if a plaintiff waives the federal laws or the general maritime law, the lawsuit will be governed by state laws.